Kruai / Phan Phum

Presenting a kruai is a gesture of the highest respect and humility—an act of asking forgiveness toward one’s teachers—and it signifies readiness to leave worldly life and enter the monastic path. A kruai refers to a kruai for the preceptor (kruai upatchai) or a kruai for asking forgiveness (kruai khama). It is a ceremonial offering made from folded banana leaves, decorated with flowers and other offerings such as betel nut and betel leaves. It is used in ordination ceremonies to show respect to the preceptor and sacred beings. Symbolically, it can represent the Five Aggregates (the five khandhas) or serve as a reminder of the virtues of the Triple Gem.

A phan phum is a high-status ceremonial offering arrangement, crafted from fresh flowers, colored fabric (such as gold- or silver-toned phum), or candles. It is shaped like a bouquet or a form resembling hands pressed together in a wai, then placed on a pedestal tray (phan) to be presented as an offering to the Triple Gem, the King, or other revered persons. It expresses profound respect and devotion. It is used in merit-making events and formal ceremonies as a respectful tribute—for example, on important religious days, in royal ceremonies, or at memorial services.

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